یک طرح نوین تولید کلید مخفی در حضور رلۀ غیرقابل اعتماد

کوهستانی, علی; کشاورزی, محمدرضا

یک طرح نوین تولید کلید مخفی در حضور رلۀ غیرقابل اعتماد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ استادیار ، دانشگاه صنعتی قم ،قم ، ایران

² استادیار، پژوهشگاه ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات، تهران ، ایران

چکیده

در مقایسه با روش‌های مرسوم رمزنگاری، تولید کلید مخفی (SKG) لایه فیزیکی به‌دلیل ویژگی‌هایی از قبیل سبک وزن بودن و مقیاس پذیری برای شبکه‌های نسل ششم (6G) کارآمدتر و مناسب‌تر است. در حوزۀ SKG، طرح‌‌های مبتنی بر مولدهای‌ تصادفی محلّی برای تولید کلید با نرخ بالا، استفاده می‌شوند. یکی از این طرح‌ها، تزریق فاز تصادفی است که در آن سیگنال‌های کاوش کانال با فاز تصادفی بین طرفین ارتباط (آلیس و باب) مبادله می‌شود. در این کار تحقیقاتی، یک طرح SKG در حضور یک رلۀ غیرقابل اعتماد ارائه می‌شود که در آن، رله نمی‌تواند به کلید دست یابد. به منظور عملیاتی بودن طرح، برای اولین بار، سیگنال‌های کاوش کانال از جنس فاز تصادفی گسسته در نظر گرفته شده و در گیرندگی نیز از کوانتیزه کننده تک بیتی استفاده می‌شود. به علاوه، به منظور کاهش نرخ خطای کلید، از کوانتیزاسیون با نواحی محافظ (GB) برای استخراج کلید استفاده می‌گردد. برای چنین سناریویی، روابطی برای نرخ تطبیق کلید، نرخ عدم تطبیق کلید (KMR) و نیز نرخ دور ریزی کلیدها (KDR) به ازای هر کاوش کانال ارائه می‌دهیم. اگرچه افزایش محدوده GB، معیار KMR را کاهش می‌دهد، اما طول دنباله کلید نیز کوتاه می‌گردد. به منظور ارزیابی تأثیر GB بر روی کارایی طرح تولید کلید پیشنهادی، نرخ تولید کلید خام تعریف شده و محاسبه می‌گردد. در بخش شبیه‌سازی، بینش‌های مهندسی مفیدی در خصوص تعیین توان سیگنال کاوش، محدود GB و نیز قدرت تصحیح کدینگ مورد نیاز، ارائه می‌دهیم. همچنین در این مقاله، به ارزیابی امنیتی طرح پیشنهادی می‌پردازیم. ضمن محاسبۀ ظرفیت کلید مخفی، خواهیم دید که رلۀ غیرقابل اعتماد و شنودگر خارجی با رهگیری مراحل کاوش کانال نمی‌توانند کلید را کشف کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.23224347.1403.12.3.8.0

موضوعات

امنیت اطلاعات، رمزنگاری، پنهان نگاری، پروتکل ها و استانداردها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Novel Secret Key Generation Scheme in the Presence of an Untrusted Relay

نویسندگان [English]

Ali Kuhestani ¹
Mohammadreza Keshavarzi ²

¹ Assistant Professor, Qom University of Technology, Qom, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Communication and Information Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Compared to conventional cryptography methods, physical layer secret key generation (SKG) is more efficient and suitable for sixth-generation (6G) networks due to features such as lightweight and scalability. In the field of SKG, schemes based on local random generators are used for high-rate key generation. One of these schemes is random phase injection, where the channel probing signals with random phase are exchanged between communication parties (Alice and Bob). In this research work, an SKG scheme is presented in the presence of an untrusted relay, where the relay cannot obtain the key. In order to make the scheme practical, for the first time, the channel probing signals are considered discrete random phase, and a single-bit quantizer is used in reception. In addition, in order to reduce the key error rate, quantization with guard bands (GB) is used for key extraction. For such a scenario, we provide expressions for the key matching rate, key mismatch rate (KMR), and key discarding rate (KDR) per channel probe. Although increasing the GB range decreases the KMR metric, the key length also shortens. In order to evaluate the effect of GB on the efficiency of the proposed key generation scheme, the raw key generation rate is defined and calculated. In the simulation section, we provide useful engineering insights into determining the probing signal power, the GB size as well as the required coding correction capability. We also discuss the security evaluation of the proposed scheme in this article. While calculating the secret key capacity, we will see that the untrusted relay and external eavesdropper cannot discover the key by intercepting the channel probing steps.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Physical layer secret key generation
Untrusted relay
Discrete random phase injection
Guard band

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