A new analytical model for enhancing performance of cognitive radio user’s transmissions in the internet of things

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Student, Department of Computer, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Azad University, Kerman Branch, Kerman, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Computer, Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

Abstract

Internet of things (IoT) constitutes networked devices that can gather and exchange information. Thescarcity of the available spectrum used by a large number of devices in IoT is a challenge. The Cognitive Radiotechnology has emerged as a promising solution to overcome spectrum scarcity in a resource-constrained wireless sensor network. The prioritized spectrum access is the key to maintain the efficiency of CRSN. Modelling the prioritized spectrum access policy is a significant need to analyze a CRSN. However, in CRSN, TCP experiences in severe throughput reduction since it cannot differentiate between the packet loss due to SU’s transmission-blocking and packet loss due to congestion. In this paper, two significant events are investigated that caused secondary user blocking.In additiona Discrete-Time Markov chain (DTMC) is proposed to describe the spectrum usage by both primary and secondary users, which is used to estimate the TCP throughput and end to end delay. The experimental resultsbased on the NS2 confirms the accuracy of the proposed model and show that the throughput and the average end-to-end delay are improved based on the proposed DTMC model comparing with some transport protocol in the cognitive radio networks. The performance results through simulation show that the proposed model achieves up to 20% improvement of the throughput comparing with the classical TFRC and TFRC-CR respectively.

Keywords

References

  1. H. R. Khodadadi, M. A. Ataei, “Frequency Spectrum Sensing by Multi-Stage Adaptive Optimization Algorithm with the Efficient Non-Cooperative Technique in Cognitive radios with hardware implementation,” Journal of Electronical & Cyber Defence, vol. 8 pp. 39-51, 2020. (In Persian)##
  2. M. Ozger, E. A. Fadel, O. B. Akan, “Event-to-Sink Spectrum-Aware Clustering in Mobile Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks,” IEEE Trans. Mobile Computing vol. 15,no.9, pp. 2221 – 2233, 2017.##
  3.  M. Ozger, O. B. Akan, “On the Utilization of Spectrum Opportunity in Cognitive Radio Networks,” IEEE Commun. Lett. vol. 20,no.1, PP. 157-160, 2016.##
  4. V. Esmaeelzadeh, E. S. Hosseini, R. Berangi, O. B. Akan, “Modeling of Rate-based Congestion Control Schemes in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks,” Ad Hoc Netw vol. 36,no.1, pp. 177-188, 2016##
  5. A. Kumar, and K.G. Shin, “DSASync: Managing end-to-end connections in dynamic spectrum access wireless LANs,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw, vol. 20,no.4, pp. 1068-1081, 2012.##
  6. Changqing Luo, F. Richard Yu, Hong Ji, and Victor C.M. Leung, “Cross – Layer Design for TCP Performance Improvement in Cognitive Radio Networks,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol, vol. 59, no.5, pp. 2485-2495, 2010.##
  7. Raspopovic M, Thompson C, Chandra K, “Performance Models for Wireless Spectrum Shared by Wideband and Narrowband Sources, “ IEEE Military Commun. Conf '05, pp.1-6, 2005##
  8. Tang P.K.,  Chew Y.H,   Ong L.C,   Haldar M.K, “Performance of Secondary Radios in Spectrum Sharing with Prioritized Primary Access,” Military Communications Conference 2006.##
  9. Xing Y, Chandramouli R, Mangold S, Sai Shankar N, “DynamicSpectrum Access in Open Spectrum Wireless Networks, “ IEEE J. on Selected Areas in Commun ,
    vol. 24,no.3, pp. 626 – 637, 2006.##
  10. Ashish. m. and Ritu, Chauhan., ”Transport Control Protocol for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Network,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE), vol. ;3,no.4, pp. 371-376, 2014.##
  11. M. Di Felice, K. R. Chowdhury, W. Kim, A. Kassler, and L. Bononi, “End-to-end protocols for cognitive radio ad hoc networks: an evaluation study,” Performance Evaluation .vol. 68, no.9, pp. 859–875, 2011.##
  12. A. M. R. Slingerland, P. Pawełczak, R. V. Prasad, A. Lo, and R. Hekmat, ”Performance of transport control protocol over dynamic spectrum access links,” 2007 2nd IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, pp.486-495, 2007.##
  13. Marco Di Felice, Kaushik Roy Chowdhury, and Luciano Bononi, “Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Transmission Control Protocol over Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks,” in Proc. Of ACM Conf. on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, pp.4-12, 2009.##
  14. P. K. Tang, Y. H. Chew, L. C. Ong, and M. K. Haldar, “Performance of secondary radios in spectrum sharing with prioritized primary access,” Proceedings - IEEE Military Communications Conference MILCOM, 2007.##
  15. M. F. Amjad, B. Aslam, and C. Zou, “Transparent cross-layer solutions for throughput boost in cognitive radio networks,” in Proc. IEEE CCNC, pp.580-586, 2013.##
  16. J. Wang, A. Huang, W. Wang, Z. Zhang, and V. K. N. Lau, “On the transmission opportunity and TCP throughput in cognitive radio networks,” Int. J. Commun. Syst, vol. 27, no.2, pp. 303-321, 2016.##
  17. G. Li, Z. Hu, G. Zhang, L. Zhao, W Li, and H. Tian, “ Cross-layer design for energy efficiency of TCP traffic in cognitive radio networks,”inProc.IEEEVTCFall,
    p.1-5, 2011.##
  18. X. Wang, X. Sun, C. Zhao, and Z. Zhou, “TCP-CReno-TCP enhancement using cross-layer for cognitive radio networks,” in Proc. IET AIAI, pp. 37-40, 2010.##
  19. A. Kumar, and K.G. Shin, “DSASync: Managing end-to-end connections in dynamic spectrum access wireless LANs,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw, vol. 20, no.4, pp. 1068-1081, 2012.##
  20. C. Luo, F. R. Yu, H. Ji, and V. C. M. Leung, “Cross-layer design for TCP performance improvement in cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. ,vol. 59, no.5, pp. 2485-2495, 2010.##
  21. J. Wang, A. Huang, and W. Wang, “TCP throughput enhancement for cognitive radio networks through lower-layer configurations,”inProc.IEEEPIMRC,##
    pp.1424-1429, 2012.
  22. H. Khalife, V. Conan, J. Leguay, and T. Spyropoulos, “Point to multipoint transport in multichannel wireless environments,” in Proc. IEEE WCNC, pp. 1404-1409, 2013.##
  23. E.S. Hosseini et al., “A Correlation Based and Spectrum-Aware Admission Control Mechanism for Multimedia Streaming in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks,” Int. J. Commun. Syst., vol. 30 pp. 1–16, 2017##
  24. Y. B. Zikria, F. Ishmanov, M. K. Afzal, S. W. Kim, S. Y. Nam, H. J. Yu, "Opportunistic channel selection MAC protocol for cognitive radio ad hoc sensor networks in the Internet of Things", Sustain. Comput. Inform. Syst., vol. 18 pp. 112–120, 2018.##
  25. Y. R. Kondareddy, and P. Agrawal, ”Effect of dynamic spectrum access on transport control protocol performance,” GLOBECOM - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2009.##
  26. A. K. Al-Ali, and K. R. Chowdhury, “TFRC-CR: An equation-based transport protocol for cognitive radio networks,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 11, no.6, pp. 1836-1847, 2013.##
  27. Y. B. Zikria, S. Nosheen, F. Ishmanov and S. W. Kim, “Opportunistic Hybrid Transport Protocol (OHTP) for Cognitive Radio ad-hoc Sensor Networks,” Sensors,
    vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 31672–31686, 2015.##
  28. W.-Y. Lee, I. Akyildiz, ”Optimal spectrum sensing framework for cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun, vol. 7, no.10, pp. 3845-3857, 2008.##
  29. M. Mathis, J. Semke, J. Mahdavi, and T. Ott, “The macroscopic behaviour of the TCP congestion avoidance algorithm,” ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communications Review, Vol. 27(3) pp. 67– 8, 1997. M.m Hassani, R. Berangi, “A new congestion control mechanism for transport protocol of cognitive radio sensor networks,” Int J Electron Commun (AEU)’ vol.85, pp.134-143, 2018.##
  30. Slingerland, A.M.R., Pawelczak, P., Prasad, R.V., Lo, A., Hekmat, R., "Performance of Transport Control Protocol Over Dynamic Spectrum Access Links, DySPAN 2007. 2nd IEEE International Symposium, pp. 486-495, 2007.##
  31. M.m Hassani, R. Berangi, “A new congestion control mechanism for transport protocol of cognitive radio sensor networks,” Int J Electron Commun (AEU)’ vol.85, pp.134-143, 2018.##
  32. F. Al-Turjman, “Cognitive routing protocol for disaster-inspired Internet of Things,” Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 92 pp. 1103-1115, 2019.##
Electronic and Cyber Defense
Volume 9, Issue 3 - Serial Number 35
Serial No. 35, Autumn Quarterly
December 2021
Pages 73-82

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 12 November 2020
  • Revise Date: 22 December 2020
  • Accept Date: 26 December 2020
  • Publish Date: 22 November 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics